Angela Brown
Dr. Angela M. Brown is an experimental psychologist who studies visual perception and visual development. After a Master's degree in Experimental Psychology (Rutgers University, 1975), she studied visual sensation and perception in the departments of Psychology and Ophthalmology at the University of Michigan, earning her Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology in 1981, with a dissertation on human color vision. After a postdoctoral year at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, NJ., she completed her training with three years as a research scientist at the University of Washington.
The current focus of Dr. Brown’s research is visual perception. This research uses behavioral and computational methods to study how people identify, name, and communicate about the colors and other material properties of objects in the visual world. In collaboration with Dr. Delwin Lindsey of the Graduate Program in Vision Science, Dr. Brown has studied color naming and communication about colors among people who speak American English, Japanese, and Somali, and among the Hadza people of Tanzania, one of the last remaining hunger-gatherer societies in the world. Dr. Lindsey and Dr. Brown also investigate the neurophysiology of human color vision using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the human brain.
Another long-term area of research is human visual development, and includes work on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and contrast discrimination, infant color vision, and infant vernier acuity. That line of research culminated in the development of the Ohio Contrast Cards for use with children and others who cannot read an eye chart and the Newborn Acuity Cards and the Newborn Contrast Cards, for use on full-term and pre-term human infants.
- Title of Publication: Platform presentation at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society.Title of Entry: Achromatic Color Naming.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AMPublication date: January 2007Volume: Abstract #660Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society.Title of Entry: Color Name Evolution in the World Color Survey: a K-Means Analysis.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AMPublication date: January 2006Publisher: Abstract #356Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Invest Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Psychometric functions for stereopsis in human infants. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DT, Miracle JA, & Satgunam PPublication date: January 2005Publisher: Fort Lauderdale, FLVolume: 46RIV Pages: E-abstract 5630Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: http://journalofvision.org/5/8/770/Title of Entry: D-max for stereopsis in human infants.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DT, Miracle JA, Satgunum PPublication date: January 2005Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the Vision Sciences SocietyTitle of Entry: The color BLUE: the dictionary project.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DTPublication date: January 2004Publisher: Sarasota, FL http://journalofvision/4/8/308/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the Vision Sciences SocietyTitle of Entry: Color naming and color consensus: "Blue" is special.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AMPublication date: January 2004Publisher: Sarasota, FLVolume: http://journalofvision.org/4/8/55/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the Biennial Symposium of the International Color Vision SocietyTitle of Entry: Field sensitivity curves in the isoluminant plane of DKL color space Field sensitivity curves in the isoluminant plane of DKL color space.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AMPublication date: January 2003Publisher: http://orlab.optom.unsw.edu.au/ICVS/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota Florida.Title of Entry: Detection of chromatic gratings in noise: field sensitivity and additivity within chromatic channels.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AMPublication date: January 2003Publisher: Sarasota, FL, http://journalofvision.org/3/9/710/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the Vision Sciences SocietyTitle of Entry: Detection of chromatic gratings in noise: field sensitivities and additivity within chromatic channels.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Brown AM.Publication date: January 2003Publisher: Sarasota FloridaVolume: http://journalofvision.org/3/9/710/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the Biennial Symposium of the International Color Vision Society.Title of Entry: Language and color: the worldwide prevalence of Daltonism and a distinct word for "blue".RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DTPublication date: January 2003Publisher: http://orlab.optom.unsw.edu.au/ICVS/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Invest Opthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Vernier and Contrast Identification in Amblyopic Subjects. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Adusumilli V, Brown AMPublication date: January 2003Publisher: Fort Lauderdale, FLVolume: 44RIV Pages: E-Abstract 4805Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Infant Stereopsis Development: Limitations on the Generality of the Superposition Hypothesis Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Miracle JA, Lindsey DTPublication date: January 2003Publisher: Fort Lauderdale, FLVolume: 44RIV Pages: E-abstract 1996Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the Vision Sciences SocietyTitle of Entry: fMRI correlates of isoluminant motion perception.RIV Author(s): Lindsey DT, Denys K, Brown AM, Orban GAPublication date: January 2002Publisher: Sarasota Florida http://journalofvision.org/2/7/258/Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the Vision Sciences Society.Title of Entry: The color blue: a physiological explanation for a linguistic phenomenom.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DTPublication date: January 2001Publisher: Sarasota Florida http://journalofvision.org/1/3/59Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Poster presented at the American Academy of Optometry.Title of Entry: The point of subjective equality between vernier and contrast modulated stimuli in 12-wk-old infants.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, George KHPublication date: January 1999Publisher: Seattle, WAType of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis Sci.Title of Entry: Rapid development of vernier acuity and stereopsis in infancy are correctly predicted from infant contrast sensitivity. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Dr. Angela Margaret BrownPublication date: January 1999Volume: 40(4)RIV Pages: S395Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Detection vs. identification can be studied using only detection data. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Dr. Angela Margaret BrownPublication date: January 1997Volume: 38(4)RIV Pages: 2295Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Infant vernier acuity and contrast discrimination: a paradoxical prediction is resolved by tigonometry. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Walters MMPublication date: January 1995Volume: 36(4)RIV Pages: S442 Abstract #2027Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Opthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Luminance contrast insensitivity is responsible for poor infant color vision. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Lindsey DT, McSweeney EM, Walters MMPublication date: January 1994Volume: 35(4)RIV Pages: 1571Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Rod function in patients with retinal degenerations. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Hansen RM, Brown AM, Fulton ABPublication date: January 1994Volume: 35(4)RIV Pages: 1831Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Motion photometry measured on human infants. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, & Lindsey DT.Publication date: January 1993Volume: 34RIV Pages: 1355Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Rod morphology and infant scotopic sensitivity. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Fulton AB, Hansen RPublication date: January 1992Volume: 33(4)RIV Pages: 714Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Sensory noise in the visual system of the infant. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Dr. Angela Margaret BrownPublication date: January 1991Volume: 32(4)RIV Pages: 1043Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Optical Society of America.Title of Entry: Contrast sensitivity and contrast discrimination in human infants.RIV Author(s): Dr. Angela Margaret BrownPublication date: January 1990Publisher: Boston MAType of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: JOSA Technical Digest SeriesTitle of Entry: Discrimination of large orientation differences in a visual search task. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Optical Society of America.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Wu H-CPublication date: January 1989Publisher: Orlando, FLVolume: 11RIV Pages: 67Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: JOSA Technical Digest SeriesTitle of Entry: Saturation of rod-initiated signals in 2-month-old human infants. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Optical meeting of the Optical Society of America.RIV Author(s): Brown AMPublication date: January 1988Publisher: Santa Clara, CAVolume: 11RIV Pages: 67Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Please update record with TitleTitle of Entry: Issues in human color vision development. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Northern Eye Institute.RIV Author(s): Brown AMPublication date: January 1987Publisher: Unversity of Manchester Institute of Technology, Manchester, England.Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the International Strabismological AssociationTitle of Entry: Grating Visual acuity in infants.RIV Author(s): Yamamoto M, Takafumi J, Brown AMPublication date: January 1986Publisher: ItalyType of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Paper presented at the Ninth European Vision Conference in Bad NauheimTitle of Entry: Differences in infant and adult brightness matches and chromatic discrimination.RIV Author(s): Clavadetscher JE, Ankrum C, Brown AM, & Teller DYPublication date: January 1986Publisher: West GermanyType of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Opthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Chromatic opponency in 3-month-old infants. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Liman ER, Teller DYPublication date: January 1986Volume: 27RIV Pages: 265Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Opthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Visual acuity in preterm and newborn infants. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM, Yamamoto MPublication date: January 1985Volume: 26RIV Pages: 216Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Shape variations of infant psychometric functions with field size adaptation. Poster presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Teller DY, & Brown AMPublication date: January 1985Volume: 26RIV Pages: 136Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Please update record with TitleTitle of Entry: Vision testing of premature infants using grating acuity card procedures. Paper presented at the 50th Mid-Japan Ophthalmological CongressRIV Author(s): Yamamoto M, Brown AMPublication date: January 1984Publisher: Kyoto, JapanType of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthalmol Vis SciTitle of Entry: Scotopic sensitivity of 2-month-old infants. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM.Publication date: January 1984Volume: 25RIV Pages: 161Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Discriminiation and detection of chromatic variation. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Krasukopf J, Brown AM, Williams DPublication date: January 1983Volume: 24RIV Pages: 205Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- Title of Publication: Investigative Ophthal Vis SciTitle of Entry: Dark adaptation of pi-5: Evidence for non-univariance. Paper presented at ARVO.RIV Author(s): Brown AM.Publication date: January 1981Volume: 20Type of Work: AbstractReviewed Item?: falsePercent Authorship: 100
- The Galileo Award, 20000101
- Certificate of appreciation, 19940101
- Lindsey, D. T., Brown, A. M., Violette, A. N., Lange, R. & Deshpande, P. S. (2024) Color sorting and color term evolution. Color Research & Application, pp 1—21, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22918
- Brown, A. M., & Lindsey, D. T. (2023). The color communication game. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 16006. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42834-3
- Osman, M., Njeru, S. M., Hopkins, G. R., & Brown, A. M. (2021). Test-retest repeatability of the Ohio contrast cards. Optometry and Vision Science, 98(9), 1070. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001771
- Lindsey, D. T., Brown, A. M., & Hutchinson, L. N. (2021). Appearance of special colors in deuteranomalous trichromacy. Vision Research, 185, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2021.04.001
- Lindsey, D. T., & Brown, A. M. (2021). Lexical color categories. Annual Review of Vision Science, 7, 605-631. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-112420
- Njeru, S. M., Osman, M., & Brown, A. M. (2021). The effect of test distance on visual contrast sensitivity measured using the Pelli-Robson chart. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 10(2), 32-32. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.10.2.32
- Lindsey, D. T., & Brown, A. M. & Lange, R. (2020). Testing the Cross‐Cultural Generality of Hering's Theory of Color Appearance. Cognitive Science, 44(11), e12907. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12907
- Brown, A.M., Opoku, F.O. & Stenger, M.R. (2018) Neonatal contrast sensitivity and visual acuity: basic psychophysics. Translational Vision Science and Technology, 7(3), 18. doi:10.1167/tvst.7.3.18
- Hopkins, G.R. II, Dougherty, B.E, & Brown, A.M. (2017) The Ohio Contrast Cards: Visual Performance in a Pediatric Low-Vision Site. Optometry and Vision Science, 94 (10) 946 - 956. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001119
- Kuriki, I., Lange, R., Muto, Y., Brown, A.M., Fukuda, K., Tokunaga, R., Lindsey, D.T., Uchikawa, K. & Shioiri, S., (2017). The modern Japanese color lexicon. Journal of Vision, 17(3), 1-1. doi.org/10.1167/17.3.1
- Lindsey, D. T., Brown, A. M., Brainard, D. H., & Apicella, C. L. (2016). Hadza color terms are sparse, diverse, and distributed, and presage the universal color categories found in other world languages. i-Perception, 7(6), p.2041669516681807. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041669516681807
- Brown, A. M., Isse, A., & Lindsey, D. T. (2016). The color lexicon of the Somali language. Journal of Vision, 16(5), 14-14. https://doi.org/10.1167/16.5.14
- Lindsey, D. T., Brown, A. M., Brainard, D. H., & Apicella, C. L. (2015). Hunter-Gatherer Color Naming Provides New Insight into the Evolution of Color Terms. Current Biology, 25(18), 2441-2446. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215009483
- Brown, A.M., Lindsey, D.T., Cammenga, J.G., Giannone, P.J., & Stenger, M.R. (2015). The contrast sensitivity of the newborn human infant. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 56, 625-632. http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2212807
- Lindsey, D.T. and Brown, A.M. (2014). The color lexicon of American English. Journal of Vision 14(2). article 17. 10.1167/14.2.17 http://171.67.113.220/content/14/2/17.full.pdf+html
- Lindsey, D.T. and Brown, A.M. (2014). Chapter 36: Color Appearance, Language, and Neural Coding. In The Visual Neurosciences, J. S. Werner & L. M. Chalupa, eds. MIT Press.
- Brown, A.M. & Lindsey, D.T. (2013). Infant color vision and color preferences: A tribute to Davida Teller. Visual Neuroscience. 30(5-6), 243-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0952523813000114
- Brown, A.M., Lindsey, D.T., & Guckes, K.M. (2011). Color names, color categories, and color-cued visual search: sometimes color perception is not categorical. Journal of Vision. Journal of Vision (2011) 11(12):2, 1–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/11.12.2
- Lindsey, D.T., Brown, A.M., Riejnen, E., Rich, A.N., Kuzmova, Y.I., and Wolfe. J.M. (2010). Color channels, not color appearance or color categories, guide visual search for desaturated colors. Psychological Science 21, 1208 - 1214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610379861
- World Color Survey color naming reveals universal motifs and their within-language diversity (2009). PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 106(47). doi:10.1073/pnas.0910981106
- Critical immaturities limiting infant binocular stereopsis (2007). INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, 48(3). doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0718
- The geography of color naming and color categorization. (2007).
- Color naming modes and color naming concordance in the World Color Survey. (2007).
- Universality of color names (2006). PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 103(44). doi:10.1073/pnas.0607708103
- Detection of vernier and contrast-modulated stimuli with equal Fourier energy spectra by infants and adults (2005). JOURNAL OF VISION, 5(3). doi:10.1167/5.3.7
- Sunlight and "blue" - The prevalence of poor lexical color discrimination within the "grue'' range (2004). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 15(4).
- Early binocular vision in human infants: limitations on the generality of the Superposition Hypothesis (2003). VISION RESEARCH, 43(14). doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00177-9
- Color naming and the phototoxic effects of sunlight on the eye (2002). PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 13(6).
- Visual field extent in children 3.5-30 months of age tested with a double-arc LED perimeter (1998). VISION RESEARCH, 38(18).
- Vernier acuity in human infants: Rapid emergence shown in a longitudinal study (1997). OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE, 74(9).
- INFANT LUMINANCE AND CHROMATIC CONTRAST SENSITIVITY - OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS DATA ON 3-MONTH-OLDS (1995). VISION RESEARCH, 35(22).
- INTRINSIC CONTRAST NOISE AND INFANT VISUAL CONTRAST DISCRIMINATION (1994). VISION RESEARCH, 34(15).
- Intrinsic noise and infant visual performance. (1993). Early Visual Development: Normal and Abnormal.
- Issues in human color development. (1989). Seeing Contour and Colour, Kulikowski, Dickinson, and Murray, eds. Pergamon Press,Oxford.
- CHROMATIC OPPONENCY IN 3-MONTH-OLD HUMAN INFANTS (1989). VISION RESEARCH, 29(1).
- SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY AND CHROMATIC DISCRIMINATIONS IN 3-WEEK-OLD AND 7-WEEK-OLD HUMAN INFANTS (1988). JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, 5(12).
- SATURATION OF ROD-INITIATED SIGNALS IN 2-MONTH-OLD HUMAN INFANTS (1988). JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, 5(12).
- VISUAL-ACUITY OF HUMAN INFANTS AT SCOTOPIC, MESOPIC AND PHOTOPIC LUMINANCES (1987). VISION RESEARCH, 27(10).
- The development of visual function. (1987). Handbook of Human Grown and Developmental Biology, B.: Sensory, Motor , and Integrative Development., E. Mesami and P.S. Timiras, eds..
- HIGHER-ORDER COLOR MECHANISMS (1986). VISION RESEARCH, 26(1).
- Grating acuity cards for use with premature infants. (1985). Folia Opththlmologica Japonica, 36.
- Psychophysical measurement of visual acuity in infants and young children. (1985). J. of Hyogo Ophthalmological Assoc., 87.
- DARK-ADAPTATION OF THE LONG-WAVELENGTH SENSITIVE CONES (1983). VISION RESEARCH, 23(9).